General Overview
Understanding the seven levels of Nafs (self) is a important aspect of Islamic psychology and spirituality. The concept of Nafs refers to the self or soul, and it is often categorised into different levels that represent the varying states of human consciousness and moral development. Here’s a detailed explanation of the seven levels of Nafs:
“As for those who struggle in Our cause, We will surely guide them along Our Way. And Allah is certainly with the good-doers.”
Quran 29:69 (Surah Al Ankabut)
Nafsul Ammara (The Evil Commanding Self)
This is the lowest level of the Nafs. It is characterised by a strong inclination towards base desires and sinful behaviour. The Nafsul Ammara commands individuals to indulge in their desires without regard for morality or the consequences of their actions. It is often associated with rebellion against divine guidance and a lack of self-control. People at this level may engage in lying, cheating, and other immoral acts, driven by their passions.
“And I do not acquit myself. Indeed, the soul is a persistent enjoiner of evil, except those upon which my Lord has mercy. Indeed, my Lord is Forgiving and Merciful.”
Quran 12:53 (Surah Yusuf)
Nafsul Lawwama (The Self Blaming Soul)
This level represents a transition from the commanding self to a more self-aware state. The Nafsul Lawwama is characterised by a sense of guilt and remorse for past actions. Individuals at this level begin to recognise their wrongdoings and feel compelled to seek forgiveness and make amends. This self-reproach is a sign of a living heart, as it indicates that the person is aware of their moral failings and is striving for improvement.
“And I swear by the reproaching soul1 [to the certainty of resurrection].”
Quran 75:2 (Surah Al Qiyamah) [1] i.e., that of the believer, which blames him when he falls into sin or error.
Nafsul Mulhima (The Inspired Self)
At this level, individuals receive inspiration (ilhaam) and guidance from Allah. The Nafsul Mulhima is marked by a growing awareness of good and evil, and the person begins to act upon this knowledge. They are more inclined to perform good deeds and seek spiritual growth. However, they still face temptations and challenges, and they must remain vigilant to avoid falling back into negative behaviours.
“And [by] the soul and He who proportioned it1, And inspired it [with discernment of] its wickedness and its righteousness …”
Quran 91:7-8 (Surah Ash-Shams) [1] i.e. balanced and refined it, creating in it sound tendencies and consciousness.
The 7 levels of Nafs provides a framework for personal and spiritual development. It encourages individuals to reflect on their own state of being, recognise their weaknesses, and strive for higher levels of consciousness and morality.
Nafsul Mutma’inna (The Serene Self)
This level signifies a state of inner peace and contentment. The Nafsul Mutma’inna is characterised by a strong connection to Allah and a deep sense of trust in His wisdom. Individuals at this level have overcome many of their base desires and have developed a sense of balance in their lives. They are more resilient to life’s challenges and maintain a positive outlook, knowing that they are on the right path.
“Allah will say to the righteous,˺ “O tranquil soul! Return to your Lord, well pleased ˹with Him˺ and well pleasing ˹to Him˺.”
Quran 89:27-28 (Surah Al Fajr)
Nafsul Radiyyah (The Pleasing Self)
At this level, the individual is in a state of complete submission to Allah’s will. The Nafsul Radiyyah is characterised by a deep sense of satisfaction and acceptance of whatever Allah decrees. The person is not only content with their circumstances but also actively seeks to please Allah through their actions. They have a strong sense of gratitude and are focused on serving others and contributing positively to society.
“Their reward with their Lord will be gardens of perpetual residence beneath which rivers flow, wherein they will abide forever, Allāh being pleased with them and they with Him. That is for whoever has feared his Lord.”
Quran 98:8 (Surah Al Bayyinah)
Nafsul Mardiyyah (The Well-Pleased Self)
This level represents a higher state of spiritual development where the individual has earned Allah’s pleasure. The Nafsul Mardiyyah is characterised by a deep sense of fulfilment and joy in worship and good deeds. Individuals at this level are often seen as role models for others, as they embody the principles of Islam and inspire those around them to strive for righteousness.
Nafsul Kamilah (The Complete Self)
The highest level of Nafs, Nafsul Kamilah, represents the ideal state of human development. At this level, the individual has achieved a complete understanding of their purpose in life and has fully aligned their actions with divine guidance. They possess a deep spiritual insight and are often described as being in a state of constant remembrance of Allah. Individuals at this level are not only aware of their own spiritual journey but also actively guide and support others in their quest for self-improvement.
Understanding the seven levels of Nafs provides a framework for personal and spiritual development. It encourages individuals to reflect on their own state of being, recognise their weaknesses, and strive for higher levels of consciousness and morality. This journey is essential for achieving a fulfilling and meaningful life in accordance with Islamic teachings.
“Successful indeed is the one who purifies their soul, and doomed is the one who corrupts it!”
Quran 91:9-10 (Surah Ash-Shams)
